Apple polysaccharide reduces NF-Kb mediated colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling is implicated in inflammatory colitis and colorectal cancer (CRC) development.
• Inflammation plays a critical role in the progression of colitis-associated CRC.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the chemopreventive potential of apple polysaccharide extract (AP) in inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammation in CRC.
• To evaluate the efficacy of AP in both in vitro and in vivo models of colon cancer.

Main Methods:

• In vitro studies using HT-29 and SW620 human CRC cells.
• In vivo azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulphate (AOM/DSS) model for colon carcinogenesis.
• Assessment of chemoprotective effects via Western blot, immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and flow cytometry.

Main Results:

• AP administration reduced AOM/DSS-induced toxicities and prevented colon carcinogenesis.
• AP decreased the expression of key inflammatory mediators including TLR4, MD2, MyD88, TRAM, TRIF, interferon-β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6.
• AP demonstrated inhibition of TLR4/MD2-mediated signaling pathways and NF-κB activation.

Conclusions:

• Apple polysaccharide extract exhibits significant chemopreventive effects against colitis-associated colon cancer.
• AP's protective mechanisms involve the inhibition of TLR4/MD2 and NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathways.
• AP holds promise as a complementary therapeutic agent for preventing colon cancer in the context of inflammatory colitis.