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[Infections caused by human alpha herpes viruses].

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    Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) are human alpha-herpesviruses that persist lifelong after primary infection. Reactivation can cause severe disease, even in healthy individuals.

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    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Immunology
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) are human alpha-herpesviruses.
    • Humans are the sole host and reservoir for these globally prevalent viruses.
    • Following primary infection, these viruses establish lifelong latency, with potential for reactivation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize the characteristics and clinical implications of VZV, HSV-1, and HSV-2 infections.
    • To highlight the spectrum of diseases caused by these alpha-herpesviruses.
    • To emphasize the risks associated with primary infection and reactivation, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on VZV, HSV-1, and HSV-2.
    • Analysis of disease spectrum and risk factors.
    • Discussion of viral latency and reactivation mechanisms.

    Main Results:

    • Primary VZV, HSV-1, and HSV-2 infections are often asymptomatic in healthy children.
    • Immunocompromised patients face a higher risk of severe disease and complications.
    • Alpha-herpesvirus infections can lead to severe outcomes, including death, even in healthy individuals.

    Conclusions:

    • VZV, HSV-1, and HSV-2 infections pose significant health risks due to their lifelong persistence and potential for severe manifestations.
    • Understanding viral latency and reactivation is crucial for managing these infections.
    • Vigilance is necessary for both immunocompromised and healthy populations regarding alpha-herpesvirus infections.