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Gender, job authority, and depression.

Tetyana Pudrovska¹, Amelia Karraker²

¹Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA tpudrovs@austin.utexas.edu.

Journal of Health and Social Behavior

|November 22, 2014

Summary

Job authority impacts mental health differently for men and women. Women in authority experience more depressive symptoms, while men in authority experience fewer, highlighting gender disparities in workplace stress.

Keywords:

femininity gender job authority masculinity mental health work

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Area of Science:

Sociology
Psychology
Gerontology

Background:

Socioeconomic status is linked to health outcomes.
Gender influences workplace experiences and mental health.
Job authority's impact on depression requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the relationship between job authority and changes in depressive symptoms.
To compare these effects between men and women over time.
To understand how gender stratification shapes the health consequences of job authority.

Main Methods:

Longitudinal analysis of data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (1957-2004).
Focus on white men and women, analyzing job authority in 1993 (age 54) and depressive symptoms in 1993 and 2004 (age 65).
Within-gender and between-gender comparative analyses were performed.

Main Results:

Women with job authority reported more depressive symptoms than those without.
Men with job authority reported fewer depressive symptoms than those without.
The gender gap in depression was larger for individuals with job authority.

Conclusions:

Job authority's health benefits are gendered, potentially undermined by workplace stressors for women.
Gender stratification and cultural norms of masculinity/femininity influence how socioeconomic advantages affect health.
Workplace interventions should consider gendered experiences of authority to promote mental well-being.