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Related Concept Videos

The Skin Microbiota01:27

The Skin Microbiota

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The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...
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Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
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The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
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Dialogue between skin microbiota and immunity.

Yasmine Belkaid1, Julia A Segre2

  • 1Program in Barrier Immunity and Repair and Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA. ybelkaid@niaid.nih.gov jsegre@nhgri.nih.gov.

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Human skin hosts a complex interplay between skin cells, immune cells, and microbes. This interaction maintains the skin

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • The skin serves as a critical physical barrier against pathogens.
  • It also harbors a diverse community of commensal microorganisms.
  • Maintaining skin homeostasis involves dynamic interactions between skin cells, immune cells, and microbes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intricate interactions between skin microbes and immune cells.
  • To understand how these interactions regulate skin barrier maturation.
  • To explore these processes under physiological changes and environmental challenges.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing research.
  • It focuses on the skin surface and associated appendages.
  • The review integrates findings on host physiology and environmental factors.

Main Results:

  • Skin barrier integrity is dynamically regulated by host-microbe-immune cell crosstalk.
  • Commensal microbes play a crucial role in immune system development and function.
  • These interactions are essential for responding to stressors like wounding and infection.

Conclusions:

  • The skin microbiome and immune system are co-dependent for maintaining barrier function.
  • Understanding these interactions is key to addressing skin health and disease.
  • Future research should further elucidate these complex host-microbe-immune networks.