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Updated: Apr 20, 2026

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Evidence for brain morphometric changes during the migraine cycle: a magnetic resonance-based morphometry study.

Gianluca Coppola1, Antonio Di Renzo2, Emanuele Tinelli3

  • 1G.B. Bietti Foundation IRCCS, Department of Neurophysiology of Vision and Neurophthalmology, Italy gianluca.coppola@gmail.com.

Cephalalgia : an International Journal of Headache
|November 22, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Episodic migraine without aura (MO) patients show fluctuating brain gray matter density between migraine attacks. These changes in brain structure suggest abnormal plasticity and global dysfunction in sensory integration and memory processing.

Keywords:
Migraineictalinterictalneuroplasticityvoxel-based morphometry

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Migraine is characterized by functional brain activity fluctuations between ictal and interictal periods.
  • Previous research focused on functional changes, leaving the morphometric aspect of migraine brain over time unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate temporal fluctuations in whole-brain morphometry in patients with episodic migraine without aura (MO).
  • To determine if structural brain changes occur during and between migraine attacks.

Main Methods:

  • Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis of 3T MRI scans.
  • Comparison of 24 untreated MO patients (10 ictal, 14 interictal) with 15 healthy volunteers (HVs).

Main Results:

  • Interictally, MO patients showed reduced gray matter (GM) density in the right inferior parietal lobule, right temporal gyri, and left temporal pole compared to HVs.
  • Ictally, GM density increased in the left temporal pole, bilateral insula, and right lenticular nuclei, with no areas showing decreased GM density.

Conclusions:

  • Migraine-associated morphometric GM changes between ictal and interictal phases suggest abnormal structural plasticity.
  • Findings indicate migraine may involve global dysfunction in multisensory integration and memory processing due to altered brain structure.