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Overview of DNA Repair

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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
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Mismatch Repair

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Mismatch Repair

Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Rare Event Detection Using Error-corrected DNA and RNA Sequencing

Rare Event Detection Using Error-corrected DNA and RNA Sequencing

Published on: August 3, 2018

The Essential Component in DNA-Based Information Storage System: Robust Error-Tolerating Module.

Aldrin Kay-Yuen Yim¹, Allen Chi-Shing Yu², Jing-Woei Li²

¹School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China ; Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China ; State Key Laboratory of Argobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China ; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

|November 22, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

DNA data storage offers a stable solution for massive data archives. This study improves error handling for DNA data recovery, enabling biocomputing and synthetic biology applications.

Keywords:

DNA-based computational process DNA-based information storage biocomputing error-tolerating module synthetic biology

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Last Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Rare Event Detection Using Error-corrected DNA and RNA Sequencing

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Published on: August 3, 2018

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Automated Robotic Liquid Handling Assembly of Modular DNA Devices

Automated Robotic Liquid Handling Assembly of Modular DNA Devices

Published on: December 1, 2017

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Bioinformatics
Data Storage

Background:

Digital data volume is rapidly increasing, exceeding current storage capacities.
Existing DNA data storage methods face challenges with error rates during synthesis and sequencing.
DNA's stability makes it a promising medium for long-term archival storage.

Purpose of the Study:

To enhance error handling methodologies for DNA data storage.
To demonstrate the feasibility of DNA-based computational processes.
To improve the reliability of DNA data recovery.

Main Methods:

Implemented low-density parity-check error-correction code for DNA data encoding.
Developed a modular programming framework, DNAcodec, utilizing an XML-based data format.
Encoded a 438-byte image into DNA for experimental validation.

Main Results:

Successfully reconstructed the entire image from DNA sequencing reads, salvaging data despite mutations.
Demonstrated high error tolerance in recovering long DNA messages.
Validated the practicability of DNA data storage and recovery.

Conclusions:

Improved error handling significantly enhances DNA data storage reliability.
The DNAcodec framework facilitates DNA-based computation and synthetic biology.
This work advances the potential of DNA as a robust, high-capacity archival storage medium.