Preconception care: preventing and treating infections

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Health
• Maternal and Child Health
• Infectious Disease Prevention

Background:

• Infections pose significant risks to reproductive health and pregnancy outcomes for both mothers and infants.
• Infections can be transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy, labor, delivery, or breastfeeding.
• Various infections, including STIs, TORCH infections, and systemic infections, impact maternal and child health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the impact of preconception care on maternal and neonatal health (MNCH) outcomes.
• To synthesize evidence on preconception interventions for adolescents, women, and couples of reproductive age.
• To identify effective strategies for preventing infections and improving pregnancy outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing evidence.
• Searched electronic reference libraries using a comprehensive strategy.
• Included observational studies and clinical controlled trials, with cross-referencing for wider study capture.

Main Results:

• Preconception behavioral interventions reduced new or re-infection rates of STIs by 35%.
• Condom use demonstrated 85% effectiveness in preventing HIV infection.
• Preconception tetanus vaccination significantly reduced neonatal deaths compared to placebo.

Conclusions:

• Preconception counseling is recommended for women testing HIV-positive.
• Screening and treatment for infections before pregnancy are crucial for preventing neonatal infections.
• Risk assessment and management of infections should be integral to preconception care for all women of reproductive age.