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Interacting fermions on a square lattice exhibit unconventional order due to spin-dependent anisotropy. Researchers discovered density waves and p-wave superfluidity, challenging previous theories.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum magnetism
  • Many-body systems

Background:

  • Investigating fermion interactions on lattices is crucial for understanding exotic quantum phases.
  • Spin-dependent anisotropy in dispersion relations can lead to novel electronic behaviors.
  • Previous theories proposed a Cooper-pair Bose metal phase in similar systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the phase diagram of attractively interacting fermions on a square lattice with strong spin-dependent anisotropy.
  • To identify unconventional orders arising from Fermi surface mismatch.
  • To challenge or confirm existing theoretical predictions for such systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing diagrammatic Monte Carlo methods for unbiased sampling of the Feynman diagrammatic series.
  • Analyzing systems with strong spin-dependent anisotropy in their dispersion relations.
  • Studying attractively interacting fermions on a square lattice.

Main Results:

  • The s-wave BCS-type instability is suppressed by Fermi surface mismatch.
  • An incommensurate density wave phase is identified at strong anisotropy.
  • Two distinct p-wave superfluid states with unconventional symmetry emerge at intermediate anisotropy.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a rich phase diagram not previously predicted.
  • Unconventional orders, including density waves and p-wave superfluids, dominate over the proposed Cooper-pair Bose metal phase.
  • Spin-dependent anisotropy plays a critical role in determining the emergent quantum phases of interacting fermions.