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Hybrid dysfunction and physiological compensation in gene expression.

Felipe S Barreto1, Ricardo J Pereira2, Ronald S Burton2

  • 1Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego fbarreto@ucsd.edu.

Molecular Biology and Evolution
|November 22, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early-stage hybrid breakdown in Tigriopus californicus involves minimal transgressive gene expression, primarily overexpression, impacting key physiological pathways. This suggests compensatory costs amplify initial incompatibilities during speciation.

Keywords:
RNA-seqgene expressionhybridizationmitochondrial dysfunctionspeciation

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics
  • Speciation Research

Background:

  • Species formation often involves genetic incompatibilities arising during allopatric divergence.
  • Interspecific hybrids exhibit significant transgressive gene expression (30-70%), mostly downregulated, but prior to species formation, this link is unclear.
  • Interpopulation hybrids of Tigriopus californicus show reduced fitness linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the extent and nature of transgressive gene expression in early-stage interpopulation hybrids.
  • To determine if regulatory disruption correlates with reduced hybrid fitness before species divergence.
  • To explore the relationship between gene expression anomalies and mitonuclear incompatibilities in hybrids.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis in F3+ generation interpopulation hybrids of Tigriopus californicus.
  • Comparison of gene expression levels in hybrids versus parental populations.
  • Analysis of gene overlap between transgressively expressed genes and those with divergent parental expression.
  • Functional pathway analysis of genes exhibiting transgressive expression.

Main Results:

  • Only 1.2% of the transcriptome showed transgressive expression in F3+ hybrids, with nearly 80% being overexpressed.
  • Transgressively expressed genes were not among those with divergent expression between parental populations.
  • Genes with transgressive expression were enriched in pathways affected by mitonuclear incompatibilities, such as oxidative phosphorylation and antioxidant response.

Conclusions:

  • Hybrid breakdown in early speciation stages may involve limited transgressive gene expression, contrasting with later-stage interspecific hybrids.
  • Overexpression of specific genes, rather than widespread downregulation, characterizes early hybrid regulatory disruption.
  • The physiological costs of compensatory responses to mitonuclear incompatibilities likely amplify hybrid dysfunction during early speciation.