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Related Concept Videos

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

6.1K
Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
6.1K
Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides02:17

Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides

6.0K
Thiols and sulfides are sulfur analogs of alcohols and ethers, respectively, where the sulfur atom takes the place of the oxygen atom. Thus, thiols are generally represented as RSH, where R is an alkyl substituent and —SH is the functional group. On the other hand, in sulfides, the central sulfur atom is bonded to two hydrocarbon groups on either side. Depending upon the type of group, sulfides can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. Both thiols and sulfides display a bent geometry,...
6.0K
Preparation and Reactions of Thiols02:33

Preparation and Reactions of Thiols

8.1K
Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give butanethiol.
8.1K
Microbes and the Sulfur Cycle01:29

Microbes and the Sulfur Cycle

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Sulfur is a vital element in Earth's biogeochemical systems. It transitions through various inorganic states, including sulfate (SO₄²⁻), elemental sulfur (S⁰), and sulfide (S²⁻). Abiotic and biological mechanisms across oxic and anoxic environments intricately mediate these transformations. Sulfate, the most oxidized form of sulfur, is predominantly stored in rocks, marine sediments, and oceanic waters, acting as a long-term reservoir in the global sulfur...
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Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene01:22

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene

9.5K
Sulfonation of benzene is a reaction wherein benzene is treated with fuming sulfuric acid at room temperature to produce benzenesulfonic acid. Fuming sulfuric acid is a mixture of sulfur trioxide and concentrated sulfuric acid.
9.5K
Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview01:16

Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview

2.7K
Sigmatropic rearrangements are a class of pericyclic reactions in which a σ bond migrates from one part of a π system to another. These are intramolecular rearrangements where the total number of σ and π bonds remain unchanged.
Sigmatropic shifts are classified based on an order term [i, j ], where i and j indicate the number of atoms across which each end of the σ bond migrates. Below are examples of a [3,3] sigmatropic shift in...
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Synthesis of a Thiol Building Block for the Crystallization of a Semiconducting Gyroidal Metal-sulfur Framework
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Transformations of dimethylsulfide.

Ulrike Kappler1, Hendrik Schäfer

  • 1School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, 76 Molecular Biosciences Building, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia, u.kappler@uq.edu.au.

Metal Ions in Life Sciences
|November 23, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dimethylsulfide (DMS) is a key sulfur compound in the environment, influencing climate and appearing in food and disease. Bacteria and Archaea metabolize DMS through various enzyme systems, impacting the sulfur cycle.

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Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection
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Area of Science:

  • Biogeochemistry
  • Environmental Microbiology
  • Atmospheric Chemistry

Background:

  • Dimethylsulfide (DMS) is a naturally occurring sulfur compound integral to the biogeochemical sulfur cycle.
  • DMS plays a role in climate-relevant atmospheric processes and is found in soils, food, and associated with halitosis.
  • Marine algae produce dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), a primary environmental source of DMS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse enzymatic pathways involved in DMS and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) interconversion and metabolism.
  • To highlight the broad microbial distribution of DMS-based metabolic pathways across different bacterial and archaeal groups.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of known bacterial enzyme systems involved in DMS production and oxidation.
  • Examination of studies on molybdenum-containing metalloenzymes and flavin-containing monooxygenases in DMS conversion.
  • Analysis of evidence for DMS metabolism in heterotrophic, autotrophic, phototrophic bacteria, and Archaea.

Main Results:

  • Bacterial enzyme systems catalyze DMS production from DMSP or DMSO, and oxidation to DMSO.
  • Molybdenum-containing metalloenzymes and NADH-dependent flavin-containing monooxygenases are key in DMS/DMSO interconversion.
  • Evidence confirms DMS metabolism across a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria and Archaea.

Conclusions:

  • DMS conversion involves multiple enzyme systems, including well-studied metalloenzymes and newly described flavin-dependent monooxygenases.
  • DMS metabolism is not restricted to specialized bacteria, indicating its widespread importance in microbial sulfur cycling.
  • The broad occurrence of DMS-based metabolism underscores its significance in various ecosystems and microbial communities.