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Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
Herpes01:28

Herpes

Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV‑1) is a widespread pathogen responsible for orolabial lesions. It is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Once the virus infects a host cell, its double‑stranded DNA genome is delivered into the nucleus, where a coordinated cascade of immediate‑early, early, and late gene expression directs viral DNA replication, structural protein synthesis, and virion assembly. After primary infection of epithelial cells, HSV-1...
Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Packaging HIV- or FIV-based Lentivector Expression Constructs &amp; Transduction of VSV-G Pseudotyped Viral Particles
11:08

Packaging HIV- or FIV-based Lentivector Expression Constructs & Transduction of VSV-G Pseudotyped Viral Particles

Published on: April 8, 2012

HIV-1 Packing to Leave.

Bryan R Cullen1

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Virology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.

Cell
|November 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) selectively packages its RNA genome during virion assembly. This process involves the viral Gag protein binding sequentially to distinct sites on the viral RNA.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • HIV-1 virion assembly is a complex process occurring at the plasma membrane.
  • Selective recruitment of the viral RNA genome into new virus particles is crucial for infectivity.
  • Exclusion of cellular RNAs from viral particles ensures genomic integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism of selective viral RNA genome recruitment during HIV-1 assembly.
  • To investigate the role of the Gag protein in this selection process.

Main Methods:

  • Biochemical assays to study Gag-RNA interactions.
  • Mutational analysis of Gag binding sites on the viral genome.
  • In vitro reconstitution of viral assembly intermediates.

More Related Videos

In vitro Uncoating of HIV-1 Cores
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In vitro Uncoating of HIV-1 Cores

Published on: November 8, 2011

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses
14:23

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses

Published on: August 31, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Packaging HIV- or FIV-based Lentivector Expression Constructs &amp; Transduction of VSV-G Pseudotyped Viral Particles
11:08

Packaging HIV- or FIV-based Lentivector Expression Constructs & Transduction of VSV-G Pseudotyped Viral Particles

Published on: April 8, 2012

In vitro Uncoating of HIV-1 Cores
10:49

In vitro Uncoating of HIV-1 Cores

Published on: November 8, 2011

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses
14:23

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses

Published on: August 31, 2014

Main Results:

  • HIV-1 assembly involves a two-step binding process of Gag to the viral RNA.
  • Gag protein sequentially engages with different sites on the viral genome.
  • This sequential binding ensures the specific packaging of viral RNA over cellular RNAs.

Conclusions:

  • The selective packaging of the HIV-1 RNA genome is mediated by a stepwise interaction with the Gag polyprotein.
  • This mechanism ensures the fidelity of viral genome incorporation into new virions.
  • Understanding this process offers insights into potential therapeutic targets for HIV-1 replication.