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Related Concept Videos

DNA Replication02:40

DNA Replication

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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
Replication in Prokaryotes
DNA replication...
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Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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The DNA Replication Fork01:02

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Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

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During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
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Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Genome-wide Determination of Mammalian Replication Timing by DNA Content Measurement
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Genome-wide Determination of Mammalian Replication Timing by DNA Content Measurement

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Genetic variation in human DNA replication timing.

Amnon Koren1, Robert E Handsaker2, Nolan Kamitaki2

  • 1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.

Cell
|November 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic variations influence DNA replication timing, affecting mutation patterns. This study identifies 16 genetic loci (rtQTLs) that regulate replication timing and gene expression, impacting DNA sequence mutability.

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Genome-wide Determination of Mammalian Replication Timing by DNA Content Measurement
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G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome
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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Genomic DNA replication occurs in a specific temporal order, influencing mutation distribution.
  • The genetic basis of DNA replication timing variation is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of genetic polymorphisms on DNA replication timing.
  • To identify genetic loci that control replication timing variation.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed replication timing variation using read depth in genome sequences from 161 individuals (1000 Genomes Project).
  • Performed genome-wide association studies to identify replication timing quantitative trait loci (rtQTLs).

Main Results:

  • Identified 16 rtQTL loci where inherited alleles associate with replication timing.
  • rtQTLs demonstrate allele-specific effects on replication timing and origin usage.
  • rtQTLs are associated with gene expression variation at megabase scales.

Conclusions:

  • DNA replication timing is significantly shaped by genetic polymorphisms.
  • Inherited polymorphisms regulate the mutability of nearby DNA sequences through replication timing control.