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Related Concept Videos

Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

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Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

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Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
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Translation01:31

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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Proteins are...
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Related Experiment Video

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Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment
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A deeper look into translation initiation.

Andrei A Korostelev1

  • 1RNA Therapeutics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.

Cell
|November 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Eukaryotic translation initiation involves assembling factors on the small ribosomal subunit to find mRNA start codons. New studies reveal key insights into early and late stages of this crucial cellular process.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Eukaryotic translation initiation is a complex process.
  • It requires the assembly of multiple protein factors.
  • Accurate start codon selection is vital for protein synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide new insights into eukaryotic translation initiation.
  • To examine early and late initiation intermediates.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of start codon selection.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of early translation initiation intermediates.
  • Investigation of late translation initiation intermediates.
  • Structural and functional studies of initiation factors.

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Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs
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Main Results:

  • Detailed characterization of early initiation complexes.
  • Elucidation of conformational changes in late initiation intermediates.
  • Identification of key roles for specific initiation factors.

Conclusions:

  • New understanding of the eukaryotic translation initiation pathway.
  • Insights into the dynamic assembly of the translation machinery.
  • Contribution to the knowledge of mRNA start codon selection mechanisms.