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Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

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Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
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Plasticity00:58

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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
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Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

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Neuronal plasticity: beyond the critical period.

Mark Hübener1, Tobias Bonhoeffer1

  • 1Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany.

Cell
|November 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Adult brain plasticity, particularly in sensory areas, can be reactivated. Modifying sensory input or using targeted drugs can unlock this dormant potential for functional recovery.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurobiology
  • Brain Plasticity

Background:

  • Neuronal plasticity is highest during early life critical periods.
  • Adult brain plasticity was historically considered limited.
  • Recent studies show plasticity persists in mature primary sensory neocortex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential for plasticity in the adult neocortex.
  • To explore methods for reactivating dormant plasticity.
  • To assess the implications for recovery of function after brain injury or disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies on primary sensory neocortex plasticity.
  • Analysis of factors influencing adult cortical plasticity.
  • Consideration of sensory input modification and sensory-motor interactions.

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  • Exploration of pharmacological interventions targeting plasticity.

    • Main Results:

    • Adult neocortical plasticity, though often dormant, can be substantial.
    • Modifications in sensory input and sensory-motor interactions can reactivate plasticity.
    • Activity patterns in cortical circuits are key to plasticity.
    • Pharmacological approaches may overcome molecular brakes on adult plasticity.

    Conclusions:

    • The adult brain retains a significant capacity for neuronal plasticity.
    • Dormant plasticity can be therapeutically reactivated.
    • Interventions enhancing plasticity hold promise for treating brain injury and disease.