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Related Concept Videos

Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Stem Cell Niche01:26

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
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Preparation and Culture of Myogenic Precursor Cells/Primary Myoblasts from Skeletal Muscle of Adult and Aged Humans
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[Progress in mesenchymal stem cells aging].

Haitang Yang, Heng Zhao

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) aging research shows telomerase can extend cell lifespan but poses risks. Understanding MSC aging mechanisms is crucial for advancing tissue engineering and clinical applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Gerontology
    • Stem Cell Biology
    • Regenerative Medicine

    Background:

    • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are crucial for tissue repair and regeneration.
    • Cellular senescence, or aging, limits the therapeutic potential of MSCs.
    • Understanding MSC aging is vital for effective clinical translation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze recent advancements in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) aging.
    • To summarize current achievements and challenges in MSC aging research.
    • To provide insights into the mechanisms of MSC senescence.

    Main Methods:

    • Comprehensive literature review and analysis of studies on MSC aging.
    • Examination of experimental data on cellular senescence and lifespan extension.
    • Evaluation of theories explaining cell aging, including oxidative stress.

    Main Results:

    • Telomerase reactivation can extend senescent MSC lifespan but carries safety concerns.
    • Inconsistent age ranges in studies lead to varied senescence outcomes.
    • Optimized in vitro culture conditions can delay MSC aging.
    • Oxidative stress may not fully explain cellular aging mechanisms.

    Conclusions:

    • Further elucidation of MSC aging mechanisms is essential for tissue engineering.
    • Translating MSC-based therapies to clinical practice requires a deeper understanding of senescence.
    • Addressing MSC aging challenges will accelerate regenerative medicine advancements.