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Components of Language01:24

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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The Kata Kolok pointing system: morphemization and syntactic integration.

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  • 1Language & Cognition Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics.

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Summary

Pointing signs in sign language are frequent and versatile. Their full meaning arises from integrating linguistic and extralinguistic cues, potentially leading to grammaticalization in sign language.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Sign Language Studies
  • Anthropology

Background:

  • Pointing signs are frequently used in signed languages, comprising up to one in six signs in spontaneous conversations.
  • These pointing signs exhibit diverse forms and serve multiple communicative functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the meaning potential of pointing signs in Kata Kolok, a Balinese sign language variety.
  • To explore the mechanisms of morphemization and syntactic integration through which pointing signs become grammaticalized.

Main Methods:

  • Corpus analysis of spontaneous pointing signs in Kata Kolok.
  • Examination of the integration of linguistic and extralinguistic cues in pointing signs.

Main Results:

  • Pointing signs derive their full meaning from a combination of linguistic and extralinguistic cues.
  • Pointing signs can become integral to sign language grammar via morphemization and syntactic integration.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights the complex nature of pointing signs in sign language grammar.
  • The findings suggest that systematized pointing systems in spoken communities may also possess grammatical aspects.