External nasal dilators: definition, background, and current uses.

Area of Science:

• Otolaryngology
• Respiratory Medicine
• Sports Medicine

Background:

• External nasal dilators (ENDs) are devices aimed at improving nasal airflow.
• Literature on their definition, history, and applications requires a comprehensive review.
• Understanding the efficacy and limitations of ENDs is crucial for clinical practice and research.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the existing literature on external nasal dilators (ENDs).
• To define ENDs, trace their historical development, and summarize their current applications.
• To identify research gaps and suggest future research directions.

Main Methods:

• A literature search was conducted using PubMed and MEDLINE databases.
• Studies focusing on the definition, history, and various uses of ENDs were included.
• Data on physiological effects, benefits, and limitations were extracted and synthesized.

Main Results:

• ENDs increase nasal valve cross-sectional area, reduce nasal resistance, and prevent nasal vestibule collapse.
• Benefits are observed in physical exercise, nasal congestion, sleep disorders, and among healthy individuals.
• ENDs are noninvasive, safe, affordable, and easy to use, but most studies have small sample sizes.

Conclusions:

• External nasal dilators appear beneficial for improving nasal breathing and related conditions.
• Further research with larger sample sizes is warranted to investigate effects on physical performance and sleep quality.
• Special attention should be given to pediatric and adolescent populations in future studies.