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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

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Layer-by-layer assembly of 3D tissue constructs with functionalized graphene.

Su Ryon Shin1, Behnaz Aghaei-Ghareh-Bolagh1, Xiguang Gao2

  • 1Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Advanced Functional Materials
|November 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel method for creating 3D tissue constructs using graphene oxide (GO) thin films and layer-by-layer assembly. This technique enables the engineering of functional cardiac tissues with enhanced organization and mechanical properties.

Keywords:
Cardiac tissue engineeringGraphene oxidePoly L-lysineThree-dimensional tissue constructlayer-by-layer

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Carbon-based nanomaterials show potential for mimicking extracellular matrix in tissue engineering.
  • Existing research focuses on 2D cell culture substrates, with limited development of 3D constructs using these materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel approach for engineering 3D multi-layered tissue constructs using layer-by-layer assembly.
  • To utilize graphene oxide (GO) thin films as cell-adhesive layers for construct fabrication.

Main Methods:

  • Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of cells interspersed with self-assembled graphene oxide (GO) thin films.
  • Fabrication of multi-layered cell constructs with controlled GO deposition for thickness tuning.
  • Co-culture of cardiomyocytes and other cell types to create dense cardiac tissues.

Main Results:

  • GO-based films acted as effective cell-adhesive sheets, promoting interlayer connectivity in 3D constructs.
  • The thickness of multi-layered tissue constructs was successfully tuned by controlling GO deposition, maintaining high cell viability.
  • Demonstrated fabrication of stand-alone multi-layer cardiac tissues exhibiting strong spontaneous beating and programmable pumping properties.

Conclusions:

  • The LbL assembly approach using GO thin films offers a promising strategy for engineering 3D tissue structures.
  • This method enhances tissue organization, electrophysiological function, and mechanical integrity.
  • The technique holds potential for creating functional cardiac tissues for regenerative medicine applications.