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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Cancer02:18

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
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Cancer epigenetics: an introduction.

Rajnee Kanwal1, Karishma Gupta, Sanjay Gupta

  • 1Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|November 26, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic alterations, like DNA methylation, drive cancer by changing gene expression reversibly. Understanding these epigenetic changes aids in developing biomarkers for cancer detection and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cancer initiation and progression involve both genetic and epigenetic alterations.
  • Epigenetics, the study of heritable gene expression changes without DNA sequence alterations, includes DNA methylation, chromatin modifications, and noncoding RNA profiles.
  • Epigenetic modifications often precede genetic changes and are early events in cancer development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide information on epigenetic mechanisms in carcinogenesis.
  • To explore how epigenetic modifications contribute to genetic changes.
  • To discuss the potential clinical impact of epigenetic research in cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of epigenetic mechanisms.
  • Analysis of the role of epigenetics in cancer development.
  • Discussion of technological advances in epigenetic research.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic disruptions can alter gene function, leading to neoplastic transformation.
  • Epigenetic modifications are reversible and occur early in cancer development.
  • Technological advances enhance the understanding of epigenetic alterations in carcinogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic alterations are crucial in cancer initiation and progression.
  • Epigenetic biomarkers hold promise for cancer detection, prognosis, and monitoring.
  • Future epigenetic research has significant potential for clinical applications in oncology.