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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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RNA-seq03:21

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
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Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

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In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
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Sanger Sequencing01:57

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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
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Related Experiment Video

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Methyl-binding DNA capture Sequencing for Patient Tissues
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Sequencing the cancer methylome.

Austin Y Shull1, Satish K Noonepalle, Eun-Joon Lee

  • 1GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|November 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary

DNA methylation analysis in cancer is advancing with next-generation sequencing technologies. These methods enable innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for cancer by analyzing the DNA methylation landscape.

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Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer
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Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Cancer Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • DNA methylation is a key epigenetic modification in cancer.
  • Understanding the DNA methylation landscape is crucial for cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized high-throughput DNA methylation analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and emerging technologies for DNA methylation analysis in cancer.
  • To discuss methods for genome-wide detection of DNA methylation and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine.
  • To highlight bioinformatic tools and novel manipulation techniques for DNA methylation.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of NGS with methylation detection principles: methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme digestion, affinity purification, and bisulfite treatment.
  • Adaptations for genome-wide 5-hydroxymethylcytosine detection.
  • Utilizing bioinformatic tools for methylome-sequencing data analysis.

Main Results:

  • Advanced NGS-based technologies enable comprehensive DNA methylation profiling.
  • Methods allow for the detection of both DNA methylation and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine genome-wide.
  • Emerging artificial transcription-factor (ATF) tools offer targeted manipulation of DNA methylation.

Conclusions:

  • NGS-based DNA methylation analysis provides innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for cancer.
  • A range of technologies and bioinformatic tools are available for comprehensive methylome analysis.
  • Targeted manipulation tools promise insights into the functional roles of DNA methylation in specific genes.