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Related Concept Videos

Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

40.8K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
40.8K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

8.8K
8.8K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

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Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
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Translation01:31

Translation

23.4K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
23.4K
Translation01:31

Translation

162.9K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
162.9K
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

27.5K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
27.5K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells
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Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells

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Multiple myeloma proteostasis can be targeted via translation initiation factor eIF4E.

Victoria Zismanov1, Oshrat Attar-Schneider1, Michael Lishner1

  • 1Oncogenetic Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.

International Journal of Oncology
|November 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Multiple myeloma cells exhibit intensive protein synthesis. Inhibiting the eIF4E translation factor, using ribavirin, effectively reduces cancer cell viability and shows synergistic effects with Velcade, offering a new therapeutic strategy.

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Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Proteostasis

Background:

  • Multiple myeloma (MM) cells are characterized by high protein synthesis rates.
  • Tetraspanin overexpression in MM cells was previously shown to disrupt proteostasis, leading to cell death.
  • This study investigates the role of translation initiation, specifically the eIF4E factor, in tetraspanin-mediated MM cell death.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the role of translation initiation factor eIF4E in tetraspanin-induced multiple myeloma cell death.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of inhibiting eIF4E in MM cells.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the effect of tetraspanins on mTOR and PI3K signaling pathways.
  • Utilized siRNA and the drug ribavirin (RBV) to inhibit eIF4E in MM cells (bone marrow and cell lines).
  • Assessed the impact of eIF4E inhibition on MM cell viability and combined effects with Velcade.

Main Results:

  • Tetraspanins attenuated phosphorylated eIF4E (peIF4E) and its targets c-Myc and cyclin D1 in an Akt-dependent manner.
  • eIF4E inhibition by siRNA or RBV mimicked the effects of tetraspanin overexpression, detrimentally affecting MM cells.
  • Combined RBV and Velcade demonstrated a synergistic anti-MM effect.

Conclusions:

  • Inhibition of eIF4E disrupts proteostasis in multiple myeloma cells, leading to cell death.
  • Ribavirin (RBV), an eIF4E inhibitor, presents a promising and clinically translatable therapeutic strategy for MM.
  • Targeting eIF4E offers a novel approach to combatting multiple myeloma.