Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Studies01:26

Longitudinal Studies

698
Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
698
Observational Studies01:11

Observational Studies

11.6K
Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One...
11.6K
Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

13.7K
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
13.7K
Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

5.6K
Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
5.6K
Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

11.2K
Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
11.2K
Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

1.7K
Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
1.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

First analysis of associations between residential radon exposure and cancer risks in the CONSTANCES cohort.

Radiation and environmental biophysics·2026
Same author

Clinical impact and healthcare resource utilisation in patients with unexplained or refractory chronic cough: a French national population study.

ERJ open research·2026
Same author

Reconstruction of the radiological component of the exposome in the CONSTANCES cohort.

The Science of the total environment·2026
Same author

Survey-french national health data system (SNDS) linkage: A win-win methodology for longitudinal studies, algorithm validation, and real-world evidence.

Journal of epidemiology and population health·2026
Same author

Short-term exposure to air pollution and depressive symptoms: Findings from the French CONSTANCES cohort.

Environment international·2026
Same author

Association of Air Pollution Exposure with Incident Cataract Surgery and Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in 2 French Nationwide Cohorts.

Ophthalmology science·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry
05:53

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 21, 2018

10.9K

Cohort Profile Update: The GAZEL Cohort Study.

Marcel Goldberg1, Annette Leclerc2, Marie Zins2

  • 1Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011 Inserm-UVSQ, Villejuif, France and Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines University, Versailles, France Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, UMS 011 Inserm-UVSQ, Villejuif, France and Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines University, Versailles, France marcel.goldberg@inserm.fr.

International Journal of Epidemiology
|November 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The GAZEL cohort study tracks long-term health effects of occupational exposures after retirement. Recent research focuses on retirees

Keywords:
FrancePopulation-based cohortageingretirement

More Related Videos

Constructing and Visualizing Models using Mime-based Machine-learning Framework
06:19

Constructing and Visualizing Models using Mime-based Machine-learning Framework

Published on: July 22, 2025

3.2K
Multidimensional Coculture System to Model Lung Squamous Carcinoma Progression
07:53

Multidimensional Coculture System to Model Lung Squamous Carcinoma Progression

Published on: March 17, 2020

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry
05:53

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 21, 2018

10.9K
Constructing and Visualizing Models using Mime-based Machine-learning Framework
06:19

Constructing and Visualizing Models using Mime-based Machine-learning Framework

Published on: July 22, 2025

3.2K
Multidimensional Coculture System to Model Lung Squamous Carcinoma Progression
07:53

Multidimensional Coculture System to Model Lung Squamous Carcinoma Progression

Published on: March 17, 2020

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Occupational health and epidemiology
  • Gerontology and aging research
  • Social determinants of health

Background:

  • The GAZEL cohort study, initiated in 1989, comprises 20,625 employees from French gas and electricity companies.
  • Participants were aged 40-50 (men) and 35-50 (women) at inception, with most retiring by 2013.
  • Previous research focused on occupational exposures; recent work examines post-retirement health and aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present key findings from the GAZEL Cohort Study over the past seven years.
  • To highlight research on long-term occupational exposure effects post-retirement.
  • To investigate determinants of early aging and the transition to retirement.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal cohort study with yearly collection of health, behavioral, and social data.
  • Inclusion of new data on cognitive and physical functioning, daily activity limitations, and social relationships of retirees.
  • Analysis of data to understand persistent effects of occupational exposures and aging processes.

Main Results:

  • The study has investigated persistent, long-term effects of occupational exposures after retirement.
  • Research has explored the transition from professional life to retirement.
  • Determinants of early aging and changes in retirees' functioning and social relationships have been examined.

Conclusions:

  • The GAZEL cohort provides valuable insights into long-term health outcomes and aging processes.
  • Continued research on this cohort can inform public health strategies for aging populations.
  • The study remains open for new research proposals from national and international research groups.