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A common brain network links development, aging, and vulnerability to disease.

Gwenaëlle Douaud1, Adrian R Groves2, Christian K Tamnes3

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Healthy brain aging mirrors development, with late-developing brain regions degenerating earlier. This transmodal network, vulnerable in aging and development, shows patterns seen in schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Theories suggest a link between human development and aging processes.
  • A neuroscience model posits that healthy brain aging mirrors development, with later-developing areas degenerating earlier.
  • Intrinsic evidence for this developmental-aging link in brain structure has been lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the intrinsic evidence for a link between healthy brain aging and development.
  • To identify brain networks whose structural changes across the lifespan support the development-aging mirroring model.
  • To explore the relationship between this network, cognitive functions, and neurodevelopmental/neurodegenerative diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Data-driven analysis of brain structural variation in 484 healthy participants (aged 8-85 years).
  • Identification of a transmodal network exhibiting specific lifespan patterns of age-related change.
  • Comparison of the identified network with brain abnormalities in schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease.

Main Results:

  • A transmodal network was identified whose lifespan pattern of age-related change supports the development-aging mirroring model.
  • This network develops late during adolescence and degenerates rapidly in old age.
  • The network spatially recapitulates abnormalities seen in schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease and is associated with intellectual ability and episodic memory in healthy individuals.

Conclusions:

  • The identified transmodal network provides intrinsic evidence for the brain development-aging mirroring model.
  • This network represents areas vulnerable to disruptions in both healthy development and aging, as seen in schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease.
  • The common spatial pattern of abnormalities in these disorders may relate to pathological processes disrupting healthy cerebral development and aging.