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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

376
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
376
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

336
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
336
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

365
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
365
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

349
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
349
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

374
Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
374
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

830
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
830

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Trans-Tympanic Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Ototoxicity
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Radiotherapy-enhanced ototoxicity in elderly.

Monika S Malgonde1, Manoj Kumar2

  • 1Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Wardha, India.

South Asian Journal of Cancer
|November 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elderly head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT) and chemoradiation (RT+CT) experience increased sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Early hearing loss determination is crucial for better rehabilitation in older adults.

Keywords:
Elderlyototoxicityradiotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Audiology
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Head and neck cancers predominantly affect the elderly, a demographic already susceptible to age-related sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).
  • Cancer treatments like radiotherapy (RT) and chemoradiation (RT+CT) can exacerbate hearing impairment in older patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence of SNHL in head and neck cancer patients undergoing RT and RT+CT.
  • To assess the impact of age on treatment-induced hearing loss.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 66 head and neck cancer patients received RT, and 34 received RT+CT.
  • The study monitored the occurrence of SNHL from September 2010 to August 2012.

Main Results:

  • Significant SNHL was more prevalent in patients over 50 years old.
  • The observed increase in SNHL post-treatment was statistically significant.

Conclusions:

  • Elderly patients exhibit a higher incidence of SNHL following cancer treatment.
  • Incorporating hearing loss assessment into routine investigations is vital for improving the quality of life and rehabilitation outcomes in elderly cancer patients.