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Birth and pathogenesis of rogue respiratory viruses

David Safronetz1, Heinz Feldmann, Emmie de Wit

  • 1Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana; email: safronetzd@niaid.nih.gov , feldmannh@niaid.nih.gov , emmie.deWit@nih.gov.

Annual Review of Pathology
|November 26, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Emerging zoonotic viruses like hantaviruses, Nipah virus, and MERS-CoV pose significant global health threats. This review discusses their emergence, pathogenicity, and the current knowledge on these severe infectious diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Emerging infectious diseases of zoonotic origin are increasingly significant.
  • Three novel zoonotic viruses have emerged with high case fatality rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and review three emerging zoonotic viruses.
  • To discuss the current knowledge on the pathogenicity of these infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of emerging zoonotic viruses.
  • Discussion of pathogenicity and clinical syndromes.

Main Results:

  • Hantaviruses emerged in the Americas causing hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (40% fatality).
  • Nipah virus emerged in Southeast Asia causing respiratory illness and encephalitis (40-90% fatality).
  • Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in 2012 (40% fatality).

Conclusions:

  • These three viruses represent significant emerging zoonotic threats.
  • Understanding their pathogenicity is crucial for disease control and prevention.
Keywords:
Middle East respiratory syndromeNipah virus diseaseemerging viruseshantavirus pulmonary syndrome

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