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Changed cyclic guanosine monophosphate atrial natriuretic factor relationship in hypertensive man
N E Bruun1, M D Nielsen, P Skøtt
1Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Insights
Essential hypertension patients show increased cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels, suggesting a heightened cellular response to atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) despite similar ANF concentrations compared to controls. Dietary sodium impacts ANF and cGMP levels.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Endocrinology
- Nephrology
Background:
- Essential hypertension is a complex condition with multifactorial origins.
- Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) plays a role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance.
- Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) acts as a second messenger for ANF signaling.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between dietary sodium intake, plasma ANF, and cGMP levels in patients with essential hypertension.
- To compare ANF and cGMP concentrations in hypertensive patients versus normotensive controls across varying sodium diets.
Main Methods:
- Measurement of plasma ANF and cGMP concentrations in 10 hypertensive and 10 normotensive individuals.
- Controlled dietary sodium intake at low (50 mmol/day), medium (180 mmol/day), and high (380 mmol/day) levels.
- Analysis of data on the fifth day of each dietary sodium condition.
Main Results:
- Plasma ANF and cGMP concentrations increased with higher sodium intake in both groups.
- Normotensive subjects showed no significant difference in cGMP between low and medium sodium diets.
- Hypertensive patients exhibited significantly elevated plasma cGMP levels across all sodium intakes compared to controls, with similar ANF levels.
Conclusions:
- The findings suggest an enhanced cellular response to ANF in essential hypertension, indicated by elevated cGMP.
- Dietary sodium modulates ANF and cGMP levels, but the hypertensive response to ANF signaling appears altered.
- This points to potential dysregulation in the ANF-cGMP pathway contributing to hypertension pathophysiology.
Abstract:
Plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were measured in 10 patients with essential hypertension and 10 normotensive controls on the fifth day of a low (50 mmol/day), a medium (180 mmol/day) and a high (380 mmol/day) dietary sodium intake. Plasma ANF and cGMP concentrations were less on the low than on the high sodium intake. Values for ANF on the medium sodium intake were intermediate. In normotensive subjects cGMP concentrations did not differ significantly on the low and the medium sodium intake. As compared with the controls plasma concentrations of cGMP were significantly increased in hypertensive patients on all three levels of sodium intake, while ANF concentrations were identical in the two groups. Since cGMP is a second messenger to ANF the data suggest an increased cellular response to ANF in patients with essential hypertension.