Multidrug resistant bacteriuria before percutaneous nephrolithotomy predicts for postoperative infectious complications
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Published on: June 23, 2015
Nishant Patel1, William Shi, Michael Liss
11 Department of Urology, University of California San Diego Health System , San Diego, California.
Background And Purpose:
Multidrug resistant (MDR) uropathogens are increasing in prevalence and may contribute to significant morbidity after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). We investigate the presence of MDR bacteriuria and occurrence of postoperative infectious complications in patients who underwent PCNL at our institution.
Methods:
Retrospective review was performed of 81 patients undergoing PCNL by a single surgeon (RLS) between 2009 and 2013. Patient demographics, comorbidities, stone parameters on imaging, and microbial data were compiled. MDR organisms were defined as resistant to three or more of the American Urological Association Best Practice Statement antimicrobial classes for PCNL. Postoperative complications were graded by Clavien score and European Association of Urology infection grade. Univariate comparisons were analyzed between patients with and without a postoperative infectious complication. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine significant predictor variables for postoperative infectious complications.
Results:
Of the 81 patients undergoing PCNL, 41/81 (51%) had positive preoperative urine culture, 24/81 (30%) had positive MDR urine culture, and 16/81 (19%) had a postoperative infectious complication. Multivariate analysis revealed a positive preoperative MDR urine culture significantly increased the risk of postoperative infectious complication (odds ratio [OR]=4.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.134-17.8, P=0.016). The presence of more than one access tract during PCNL also predicted for infectious complications (OR=7.5, 95% CI 2.13-26.4, P=0.003) Of the 16 patients with a postoperative infection 3 (18%) had postoperative urine cultures discordant with the preoperative urine cultures.
Conclusions:
Our institution demonstrated a relatively high prevalence of MDR bacteriuria in patients undergoing PCNL and that MDR is a significant risk factor for postoperative infectious complications despite appropriate preoperative antibiotics. Further investigations regarding prophylaxis modalities and infection prevention strategies are needed.
Insights
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteriuria is common before percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and significantly increases the risk of postoperative infections. Further research is needed on infection prevention strategies for PCNL patients with MDR uropathogens.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Infectious Diseases
- Nephrology
Background:
- Increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) uropathogens poses a risk for patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).
- MDR bacteriuria may contribute to significant morbidity following PCNL procedures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence of MDR bacteriuria in patients undergoing PCNL.
- To determine the occurrence of postoperative infectious complications in relation to MDR bacteriuria after PCNL.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of 81 patients who underwent PCNL.
- Analysis of patient demographics, comorbidities, stone parameters, and microbial data.
- Definition of MDR organisms as resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes.
- Multivariate logistic regression to identify predictors of postoperative infectious complications.
Main Results:
- 51% of patients had positive preoperative urine cultures; 30% had positive MDR urine cultures.
- A positive preoperative MDR urine culture significantly increased the risk of postoperative infectious complications (OR=4.89).
- Multiple access tracts during PCNL also predicted infectious complications (OR=7.5).
Conclusions:
- A high prevalence of MDR bacteriuria was observed in patients undergoing PCNL.
- MDR bacteriuria is a significant risk factor for postoperative infectious complications, even with appropriate antibiotics.
- Further research on prophylaxis and infection prevention strategies for PCNL is warranted.
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