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Setting Up a Stroke Team Algorithm and Conducting Simulation-based Training in the Emergency Department - A Practical Guide

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Direct Supervision in Outpatient Psychiatric Graduate Medical Education.

Cathryn A Galanter¹, Roumen Nikolov², Norma Green²

¹State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate and Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA. cathryn.galanter@downstate.edu.

Academic Psychiatry : the Journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry

|November 27, 2014

Summary

Direct supervision in psychiatry training shows promise for improving educational and patient outcomes, though research is limited. Further studies are needed to fully understand its implementation and effects on trainee education.

Keywords:

Adolescent psychiatry fellowship Direct Indirect Psychiatry Residency-Child Supervision Training

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Area of Science:

Medical Education
Psychiatry Training
Supervision Policy

Background:

A specific case prompted a review of supervision policies in adult and child/adolescent psychiatry clinics.
Existing literature and national policies were examined to guide revisions.

Purpose of the Study:

To revise the existing supervision policy for psychiatry clinics.
To inform policy revisions with a review of current literature and national standards.

Main Methods:

Conducted a PubMed literature review using keywords: Supervision, Residents, Training, Direct, and Indirect.
Performed a supplemental review in Academic Psychiatry.
Reviewed institutional and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education policies for resident and fellow supervision.

Main Results:

Limited research exists in psychiatry, with a few studies showing positive impacts of direct supervision.
Direct supervision is linked to better educational and patient outcomes in other medical fields.
A new supervision policy was developed, outlining triggers for direct supervision.

Conclusions:

Direct supervision is a novel concept in psychiatry and medical education with limited published data on its implementation and impact.
Evidence from non-psychiatric medicine suggests direct supervision improves educational and patient outcomes.
Further research is essential to explore the implementation, indications, and effects of direct supervision on trainee education and patient outcomes.