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Genome-wide inbreeding estimation within Lebanese communities using SNP arrays.

Nadine Jalkh1,2, Mourad Sahbatou3, Eliane Chouery1

  • 1Unité de Génétique Médicale et Laboratoire associé INSERM à l'Unité UMR_S910, Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon.

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Consanguineous marriages in Lebanon reveal significant inbreeding, with first-cousin unions showing an 8.33% inbreeding coefficient. This genetic data suggests common ancestry and may explain higher rates of recessive diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Human genetics
  • Population genetics
  • Medical genetics

Background:

  • Consanguineous marriages are prevalent globally, influenced by cultural and religious factors.
  • These unions increase the likelihood of offspring inheriting homozygous by descent segments.
  • Understanding inbreeding patterns is crucial for assessing genetic disease risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate inbreeding levels and remote consanguinity in the Lebanese population.
  • To analyze genetic structure and admixture across different religious communities in Lebanon.
  • To investigate the potential genetic contribution to recessive disease incidence.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 165 unrelated Lebanese individuals.
  • Estimation of runs of homozygosity, total inbreeding coefficients, and remote consanguinity.
  • Assessment of population admixture and genetic structure across Greek Orthodox, Maronite, Shiite, and Sunni communities.

Main Results:

  • Inbreeding coefficients were 1.61% for offspring of unrelated parents and 8.33% for offspring of first cousins.
  • Remote consanguinity was estimated at 0.61% and 1.2% for offspring of unrelated and first-cousin parents, respectively.
  • A common ancestral population was identified across the four studied Lebanese communities, suggesting potential relatedness even in "unrelated" marriages.

Conclusions:

  • The study quantifies significant inbreeding in Lebanon, with implications for recessive disease risk.
  • Remote consanguinity suggests that individuals in Lebanon may be related as third cousins or more distantly.
  • The findings highlight the importance of considering genetic background in population health studies in the region.