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Probable disseminated BCG infection in a 10-month-old child after BCG vaccination

Ahmed Zaïem1, Senda El Ferjani, Ghozlane Lakhoua

  • 1a National Center of Pharmacovigilance; Tunis, Tunisia.

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
|November 27, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Disseminated bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) infection is a rare complication. This case highlights a 10-month-old child

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination is widely used to prevent tuberculosis.
  • Disseminated BCG infection is a rare but severe adverse event following vaccination.
  • Early identification and management are crucial for favorable outcomes.

Observation:

  • A 10-month-old infant vaccinated at birth developed recurrent lymphadenopathy at 40 days and 6 months.
  • Cutaneous ulcerative lesions appeared weeks after the second lymphadenopathy episode.
  • Radiographic imaging revealed osteolysis in the left middle finger.

Findings:

  • Skin biopsy confirmed lesions compatible with tuberculosis.
  • The clinical presentation and diagnostic findings suggest probable disseminated BCG infection.
  • The infant was treated with anti-tuberculosis antibiotics.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of vigilance for disseminated BCG infection in infants presenting with persistent or recurrent lymphadenopathy and systemic symptoms.
  • Prompt diagnosis and appropriate anti-tuberculosis therapy are essential for managing this rare vaccine complication.
  • Further research into risk factors and optimal management strategies for disseminated BCG infection is warranted.

Keywords:
BCG vaccineadverse effect following immunizationdisseminated infection

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