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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

Active versus Passive Immunity

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Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
Active Immunity
Active immunity refers to the resistance one develops...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Overview
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Author Spotlight: Optimizing Antibody-Based Cancer Treatments via Antibody-Dependent, Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Assay
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Author Spotlight: Optimizing Antibody-Based Cancer Treatments via Antibody-Dependent, Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Assay

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Active and passive immunization for cancer.

David Baxter1

  • 1a Honorary Lecturer; Manchester University Medical School; Manchester, UK.

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
|November 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Therapeutic cancer vaccines, using active or passive immunization, aim to eliminate malignant cells. Challenges include identifying unique cancer antigens and overcoming tumor immune evasion strategies.

Keywords:
Therapeutic cancer vaccinesactive and passive immunization

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Vaccination for disease prevention dates back to the 10th century.
  • Therapeutic vaccines, both active and passive, were established by the late 19th century.
  • Early cancer research demonstrated immune rejection of transplanted tumors in syngeneic hosts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical development and principles of therapeutic cancer vaccines.
  • To discuss the challenges in developing effective cancer immunotherapies.
  • To categorize and provide examples of active and passive therapeutic cancer vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical vaccination practices and early cancer immunology studies.
  • Analysis of active immunization strategies using various immunogen types (live, attenuated, killed, toxoid, subunit).
  • Examination of passive immunization approaches involving pre-formed antibodies or cells.

Main Results:

  • Proof of principle for immune response against malignancy established through tumor rejection observations.
  • Therapeutic cancer vaccines are classified into active and passive types.
  • Passive vaccines are further subdivided into specific and non-specific categories.

Conclusions:

  • Therapeutic cancer vaccination has faced significant delays due to challenges in identifying unique tumor antigens and tumor immune evasion.
  • Active immunization aims to elicit a host response to eliminate cancer cells.
  • Passive immunization directly administers antibodies or cells to target and eliminate transformed cells.