Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Author Spotlight: A Cost-Effective Genomic Workflow for Advancing Rabies Control in Resource-Limited Settings
10:26

Author Spotlight: A Cost-Effective Genomic Workflow for Advancing Rabies Control in Resource-Limited Settings

Published on: August 18, 2023

6.8K

Genomic diversity of mumps virus and global distribution of the 12 genotypes

Li Jin1, Claes Örvell, Richard Myers

  • 1Virus Reference Department, Reference Microbiology Services, Public Health England, London, UK.

Reviews in Medical Virology
|November 27, 2014
PubMed

Insights

The World Health Organization

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The World Health Organization (WHO) proposed a new nomenclature for mumps virus (MuV) genotypes.
  • Current classification relies on small hydrophobic (SH) and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene sequences.
  • Existing genomic data in GenBank covers only eight of the 12 recognized MuV genotypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To expand the genomic dataset for mumps virus (MuV) to encompass all 12 recognized genotypes.
  • To analyze genetic divergence, amino acid substitutions, and geographic distribution of MuV strains.
  • To validate the proposed WHO nomenclature for mumps virus.

Main Methods:

  • Sequencing of whole genomes from seven isolates representing six genotypes (D, H, I, J, K, L) and one unclassified strain.
  • Sequencing of SH and HN genes from additional representative MuV strains.
  • Analysis of nucleotide heterogeneity, predicted amino acid substitutions (HN and F proteins), and geographic/chronologic distributions.

Main Results:

  • Generated comprehensive genomic data for previously underrepresented MuV genotypes.
  • Quantified nucleotide heterogeneity: up to 20% in SH genes and 9% in HN genes between genotypes.
  • Summarized geographic and chronologic distributions, revealing patterns of MuV strain diversity.

Conclusions:

  • The study enhances understanding of wild-type mumps virus (MuV) strain diversity.
  • The findings provide robust support for the current WHO nomenclature system for MuV.
  • The expanded dataset facilitates future MuV research and epidemiological surveillance.

More Related Videos

Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'08:31

Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'

Published on: May 26, 2013

11.7K
Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency18:10

Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency

Published on: June 16, 2011

30.2K

Related Concept Videos

Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
41.1K
Human Virome01:26

Human Virome

The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible...
44
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
25.9K
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
1.2K
Modern Molecular Taxonomy01:29

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
875
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
20.5K