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Related Concept Videos

Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

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Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
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Dementia01:30

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

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Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and...
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Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents
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Dementia and Hopfield model.

R A Thuraisingham1

  • 1, 1A, Russell Street, Eastwood, NSW, 2122, Australia, ranjit@optusnet.com.au.

Journal of Neural Transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)
|November 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Neural network disruption in dementia is theoretically possible when neuronal energy falls below thermal energy. External stimuli may slow this degradation, but weak connections limit improvement.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Theoretical Physics
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Clinical studies observe neural network disruption in dementia.
  • Understanding the theoretical underpinnings of this disruption is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate the possibility of neural network disruption using the Hopfield model.
  • To analyze the macroscopic thermodynamic properties of neural networks.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Hopfield model for theoretical analysis.
  • Employed mean field theory for macroscopic thermodynamic property assessment.
  • Examined network behavior under varying energy input conditions.

Main Results:

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  • A bifurcation point was identified in the network's behavior without direct energy input.
  • This bifurcation occurs when average connective energy equals or is less than thermal energy.
  • At this point, neuronal behavior becomes random, with no dominant firing neurons.

    • Conclusions:

    • The Hopfield model supports the theoretical possibility of neural network disruption.
    • Direct energy input, like mental stimuli, can postpone network degradation.
    • The effectiveness of interventions is limited if neuronal connections are already significantly weakened.