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Related Concept Videos

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The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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The eukaryotic nucleus is a double membrane-bound organelle that contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It is rightly called the “brain” of the cell as it shoulders the responsibility of responding to various physiological processes, stress, altered metabolic conditions, and other cellular signals. 
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Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
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The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
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SUN proteins and nuclear envelope spacing.

Natalie E Cain1, Daniel A Starr

  • 1a Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology ; University of California Davis ; Davis , CA USA.

Nucleus (Austin, Tex.)
|November 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nuclear envelope spacing is maintained without SUN/KASH bridges in most cells. However, these bridges are crucial for spacing in body wall muscle nuclei, suggesting a role in force-bearing environments.

Keywords:
KASH proteinLINC complexSUN proteinUNC-84nesprinnuclear envelope

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Nuclear envelope structure
  • Protein complexes

Background:

  • The nuclear envelope, a double membrane, has a consistent spacing of 30-50 nm.
  • SUN/KASH protein complexes spanning inner and outer nuclear membranes are hypothesized to regulate this spacing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of SUN/KASH bridges in maintaining nuclear envelope spacing.
  • To determine if SUN/KASH bridges are essential for nuclear envelope spacing in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of nuclear envelope spacing in Caenorhabditis elegans lacking UNC-84, the sole somatic SUN protein.
  • Examination of nuclear envelope spacing in animals with shortened UNC-84.

Main Results:

  • SUN/KASH bridges are not required for maintaining even nuclear envelope spacing in most tissues.
  • UNC-84 is essential for maintaining even spacing specifically in body wall muscle nuclei.
  • Truncating UNC-84 did not alter nuclear envelope spacing.

Conclusions:

  • SUN/KASH bridges are dispensable for nuclear envelope spacing in the majority of cells.
  • SUN proteins may be important for nuclear envelope spacing in cells subjected to mechanical forces.