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Related Concept Videos

Somatic Spinal Reflexes01:22

Somatic Spinal Reflexes

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Somatic spinal reflexes are rapid, involuntary muscular responses to external stimuli that involve the somatic musculature and the spinal cord.
One of the most well-known somatic spinal reflexes is the stretch reflex, which is activated by the sudden stretching of a muscle. This reflex involves the activation of specialized sensory receptors called muscle spindles, which are located in the muscle tissue and detect changes in the length and speed of muscle contractions. When a muscle is suddenly...
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Healing II: Complications01:24

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Complications during healing arise when tissue repair is altered by local or systemic factors. These changes involve abnormal collagen deposition, altered biomechanics, and reduced vascular supply, impairing restoration of normal structure and function.Loss of FunctionScar tissue differs significantly from the original tissue it replaces. In the skin, fibrosis lacks adnexal structures such as hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. Their absence reduces tactile sensitivity, impairs...
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Spinal Nerves: Plexus II01:21

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The plexuses of the lower body include the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses, which innervate the abdomen, pelvis, legs, and coccygeal region. These plexuses control the transmission of sensory information and coordinate motor functions of the lower body.
The Lumbar Plexus
The lumbar plexus is situated within the lumbar region of the back and is primarily formed by the first four lumbar spinal nerves (L1 to L4). This plexus extends its branches into several nerves, including the...
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Cellular Injury II: Classification01:21

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Cellular injury is any process that disrupts a cell’s ability to maintain homeostasis, leading to structural or functional changes. It is broadly classified based on etiology (cause) and mechanism of damage.Classification by EtiologyCellular injury may result from several causes. Hypoxic injury happens due to reduced oxygen delivery, most commonly from inadequate blood supply, such as arterial obstruction; for example, coronary artery thrombosis can cause myocardial infarction. Chemical...
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Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

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Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
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Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers01:16

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The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Murine Flexor Tendon Injury and Repair Surgery
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Murine Flexor Tendon Injury and Repair Surgery

Published on: September 19, 2016

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Update on Zone II Flexor Tendon Injuries.

Christopher J Dy, Aaron Daluiski

    The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
    |November 27, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Restoring flexor tendon gliding in zone II requires meticulous surgical repair and early mobilization. Increased suture strands enhance repair strength, improving outcomes and reducing complications like adhesions and stiffness.

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    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedic Surgery
    • Hand Surgery
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • Flexor tendon repair in zone II presents significant challenges due to the need for gliding within a confined fibro-osseous sheath.
    • Minimizing adhesions and restoring function are critical for successful outcomes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the mechanical properties of flexor tendon repairs.
    • To assess the impact of surgical technique and early mobilization on repair strength and clinical outcomes.

    Main Methods:

    • Surgical repair techniques involving multistrand core sutures and peripheral sutures were analyzed.
    • Mechanical testing was performed to determine the strength of repairs with varying numbers of suture strands.
    • Review of early passive and active motion rehabilitation protocols post-repair.

    Main Results:

    • Mechanical strength of the flexor tendon repair increases with a higher number of suture strands crossing the repair site.
    • Early mobilization, whether passive or active, enhances repair strength and reduces the incidence of adhesions and joint stiffness.
    • Both early passive and active motion protocols have demonstrated satisfactory results.

    Conclusions:

    • Meticulous surgical technique, particularly the use of multistrand core sutures, is essential for robust flexor tendon repair in zone II.
    • Early mobilization is a key factor in improving functional recovery and minimizing complications after flexor tendon repair.
    • Surgeon discretion, considering repair integrity, concurrent injuries, and patient compliance, guides the choice of postoperative rehabilitation.