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Global control of pneumococcal infections by pneumococcal vaccines

Kazunori Oishi1, Kazuyo Tamura2, Yukihiro Akeda2

  • 1Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjyuku, Tokyo162-8640, Japan.

Tropical Medicine and Health
|November 27, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) reduce nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children. PCV vaccination significantly lowers childhood pneumonia deaths, especially in developing nations, aligning with WHO global health strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae causes significant global morbidity and mortality.
  • Pneumococcal carriage facilitates pathogen spread within communities.
  • Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) induces serotype-specific antibodies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of PCV on nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children.
  • To assess the effectiveness of PCV in preventing childhood pneumonia deaths globally.
  • To inform global strategies for reducing pneumonia incidence.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical trial evidence on PCV immunogenicity and efficacy.
  • Analysis of PCV impact on nasopharyngeal carriage reduction.
  • Comparative assessment of PCV's health impact in developing versus developed countries.

Main Results:

  • PCV reduces nasopharyngeal carriage of vaccine-type pneumococci in children.
  • PCV is generally immunogenic in pediatric patients, with exceptions for infecting serotypes.
  • PCV vaccination demonstrates a high potential to prevent childhood pneumonia deaths in developing countries.

Conclusions:

  • PCV is a critical tool for reducing the burden of pneumococcal disease, particularly childhood pneumonia.
  • Targeted PCV implementation in developing countries can yield substantial public health benefits.
  • Global strategies, like the WHO's, are essential for maximizing PCV's impact on child mortality.

Keywords:
Bacterial colonizationChildhood pneumoniaInvasive pneumococcal diseaseOpsonization indexPneumococcal conjugate vaccineSerotype-specific IgGStreptococcus pneumoniaeWHO

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