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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

5
An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
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Physiological Barriers01:25

Physiological Barriers

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Physiological barriers are semi-permeable cellular structures restricting drug diffusion into intracellular compartments and tissues. There are six types of physiological barriers: blood endothelial, cell membrane, blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood-placenta, and blood-testis barriers.
The blood endothelial barrier is the most porous of these. It allows all small ionized, un-ionized, and lipophilic molecules to pass through the endothelial lining into the interstitial space...
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The Blood-brain Barrier00:49

The Blood-brain Barrier

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Overview
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Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

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A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
6
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

7
Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
7
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Physiological Barriers01:23

Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Physiological Barriers

1.0K
Drug distribution in the body is intricately regulated by various physiological barriers that control the passage of substances. These include the capillary endothelial barrier, the blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid, blood-placental, and blood-testis barriers.
The capillary endothelial barrier allows only smaller molecules below 600 Da (Daltons) to pass through. It also restricts drugs like heparin that are bound to blood components, limiting their movement within the bloodstream.
The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Neonatal Stroke in P10 Rats
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Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Neonatal Stroke in P10 Rats

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Barrier mechanisms in neonatal stroke.

Ingrid Kratzer1, Sophorn Chip1, Zinaida S Vexler1

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|November 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Perinatal stroke is common and causes severe neurological deficits. This review explores how the immature brain

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Perinatal stroke incidence is high, comparable to the elderly.
  • Neonatal stroke results in significant long-term neurological and cognitive impairments, including cerebral palsy.
  • The pathophysiology of perinatal brain damage is complex and multifactorial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on immature brain neurovascular responses to focal arterial stroke.
  • To examine the role of neuroinflammation in perinatal stroke.
  • To discuss the impact of the neonatal blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and early neurovascular integrity on stroke outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent experimental and clinical findings.
  • Analysis of neurovascular responses in neonatal rodent models.
Keywords:
CSF-brain barrierinflammationleukocytemicroglianeonatal ischemiavascular permeability

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Neurobehavioral Assessments in a Mouse Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-ischemic Brain Injury
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Neurobehavioral Assessments in a Mouse Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-ischemic Brain Injury

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  • Examination of neuroinflammation and blood-CSF barrier function.

    • Main Results:

    • Cerebral vasculature undergoes significant developmental changes, influencing stroke susceptibility.
    • Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in perinatal brain damage.
    • Early neurovascular integrity affects long-term angiogenesis and neurogenesis.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding neurovascular responses and inflammation is key to addressing perinatal stroke.
    • The neonatal blood-CSF barrier may modulate inflammatory processes.
    • Long-term outcomes of neonatal stroke are influenced by early vascular and inflammatory events.