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Related Concept Videos

Diphtheria01:28

Diphtheria

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Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...
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Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

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Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Investigation of Disease Outbreaks01:23

Investigation of Disease Outbreaks

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Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice
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Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

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Whither pertussis?

Thomas L Snelling1, Claire S Waddington

  • 1Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Road, Subiaco, Perth, WA 6008.

Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy
|November 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Pertussis cases are rising despite acellular vaccines. A return to whole cell vaccines may be necessary, alongside research into better alternatives and maternal vaccination strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Acellular pertussis vaccines have led to rising pertussis (whooping cough) disease in several countries.
  • Maternal vaccination shows promise but is insufficient as a sole solution.

Discussion:

  • The limitations of current acellular vaccines necessitate exploring alternative or supplementary strategies.
  • Whole cell pertussis vaccines, though older, warrant re-evaluation for their efficacy and potential role.

Key Insights:

  • Rising pertussis incidence indicates a need for improved vaccine strategies.
  • Current acellular vaccines may not provide long-lasting or sufficient immunity.
  • Whole cell vaccines could be a viable, albeit partial, solution.
Keywords:
acellular vaccinedisease preventionepidemicpertussisvaccinewhole cell vaccine

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Outlook:

  • Further research is crucial to assess the feasibility and acceptability of reintroducing whole cell vaccines.
  • Development of novel, more effective pertussis vaccines remains a priority.
  • Integrated vaccination strategies, potentially including maternal and whole cell components, may be required.