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Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

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Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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Overview of Regeneration and Repair01:19

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Regeneration and repair processes are critical in healing damages caused by injury, disease, and aging. In regeneration, the damaged tissue is entirely replaced with new growth that restores the original architecture and function. In contrast, tissue repair usually results in a fixed tissue architecture involving scar formation. Scars generally do not reestablish tissue function and may also exhibit structural abnormalities at the injury site.
Regeneration
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Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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Whole Body Regeneration01:33

Whole Body Regeneration

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Regeneration is the process of restoring injured or lost tissues, organs, or body parts. While simpler organisms generally show greater ability to regenerate their whole body, few complex animals show similarly exceptional regeneration. For example, planarian flatworms have a unique regenerative potential making them a popular study organism among biologists to understand the mechanisms of whole body regeneration. Other organisms, such as hydra, also show extreme regeneration potential;...
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Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Anatomically Inspired Three-dimensional Micro-tissue Engineered Neural Networks for Nervous System Reconstruction, Modulation, and Modeling
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Anatomically Inspired Three-dimensional Micro-tissue Engineered Neural Networks for Nervous System Reconstruction, Modulation, and Modeling

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How can we exploit the brain's ability to repair itself?

Victoria Miller1, Diego Gomez-Nicola

  • 1Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, South Lab and Path Block, Mail Point 840, LD80C, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, SO16 6YD, Southampton, UK.

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
|November 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The brain can generate new neurons on demand through neurogenesis, offering potential for repairing damage. This process involves precise cell generation, migration, differentiation, and integration for effective neuronal replacement in brain diseases.

Keywords:
cell differentiationcell migrationneural stem cellsneurodegenerationneurogenesisself-repair

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • The brain's capacity for generating new neurons, known as neurogenesis, challenges the idea of a fixed cell repertoire.
  • Neurogenesis plays a vital role in essential brain functions and offers significant potential for neural repair.

Discussion:

  • Replacing lost neurons requires a complex, orchestrated sequence: timed cell generation, migration to injury sites, and proper differentiation and integration.
  • Evidence suggests this sequence can effectively replace specific neuronal populations in cases of brain disease.
  • Understanding and directing the brain's self-repair mechanisms is crucial for therapeutic development.

Key Insights:

  • Neurogenesis provides a natural mechanism for neuronal replacement within the brain.
  • The brain possesses inherent self-repairing capabilities that can be leveraged for therapeutic benefit.
  • Successful neuronal replacement hinges on the precise execution of multiple cellular processes.

Outlook:

  • Exploring and manipulating endogenous neurogenesis opens new avenues for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Developing therapies that direct the brain's self-repairing responses could revolutionize neuronal loss treatment.
  • Future research may focus on enhancing or guiding neurogenesis for clinical applications in neurological disorders.