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Related Concept Videos

Mutations01:35

Mutations

46.7K
Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
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Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Quantitation and Analysis of the Formation of HO-Endonuclease Stimulated Chromosomal Translocations by Single-Strand Annealing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Quantitation and Analysis of the Formation of HO-Endonuclease Stimulated Chromosomal Translocations by Single-Strand Annealing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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[Radiation induced chromosomal instability: dose response study based on biophysical modeling].

Iu A Eĭdel'man, S V Slanina, S G Andreev

    Radiatsionnaia Biologiia, Radioecologiia
    |November 28, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Radiation-induced chromosomal instability (CI) shows a different dose-response in later cell generations. A biophysical model explains this by considering delayed dicentric formation and replication-dependent DNA damage.

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    Quantitation and Analysis of the Formation of HO-Endonuclease Stimulated Chromosomal Translocations by Single-Strand Annealing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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    Expedited Radiation Biodosimetry by Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identification ADCI and Dose Estimation
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    Expedited Radiation Biodosimetry by Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identification ADCI and Dose Estimation

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    Area of Science:

    • Radiation biology
    • Genetics
    • Biophysics

    Context:

    • Chromosomal instability (CI) is a known consequence of radiation exposure, observed as increased chromosomal aberrations in cell progeny.
    • The dose-response curve for CI differs between the first post-irradiation mitosis and subsequent generations.
    • The underlying mechanisms for this difference remain experimentally unelucidated.

    Purpose:

    • To investigate the dose-response of chromosomal instability (CI) for unstable chromosomal aberrations using a biophysical model.
    • To explore the formation of delayed dicentrics at various times post-irradiation.
    • To analyze the contribution of proposed CI mechanisms, including replication-dependent persistent DNA damage and the breakage-fusion-bridge cycle.

    Summary:

    • A biophysical model was developed to study chromosomal instability (CI) dose-response in irradiated cells.
    • The model incorporates the formation of delayed dicentrics and replication-dependent DNA damage mechanisms.
    • Analysis of low-LET radiation data suggests that delayed dicentric formation contributes to the altered CI dose-response in later cell generations.

    Impact:

    • Provides a theoretical framework for understanding the delayed effects of radiation on genomic stability.
    • Offers insights into the mechanisms driving chromosomal instability beyond the initial mitotic event.
    • Facilitates further experimental investigation into radiation-induced genomic instability and its long-term consequences.