Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

2.3K
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
2.3K
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.7K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.7K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

2.6K
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
2.6K
The Pauli Exclusion Principle03:06

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

62.4K
The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
62.4K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.7K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.7K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

11.9K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
11.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Observation of the Einstein-de Haas effect in a Bose-Einstein condensate.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Dissipative Superfluidity in a Molecular Bose-Einstein Condensate.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Noise balance and stationary distribution of stochastic gradient descent.

Physical review. E·2025
Same author

Universal Upper Bound on Ergotropy and No-Go Theorem by the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Pink-noise dynamics in an evolutionary game on a regular graph.

Physical review. E·2024
Same author

Experimental Observation of the Yang-Lee Quantum Criticality in Open Quantum Systems.

Physical review letters·2024
Same journal

Switchable band alignment in 2D-perovskite/WS<sub>2</sub>heterostructures for tunable exciton transport and valley polarization.

Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)·2026
Same journal

Chiral graviton modes in fermionic Fractional Chern Insulators.

Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)·2026
Same journal

Bound states in the continuum in plasmonic structures.

Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)·2026
Same journal

Unlocking complex optical vortices with flat optics.

Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)·2026
Same journal

Pseudo-Hermitian magnon dynamics.

Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)·2026
Same journal

Uniaxial-stress-induced magnetic transitions in the triangular-lattice antiferromagnet PdCrO<sub>2</sub>.

Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

10.7K

Topological aspects in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates.

Masahito Ueda1

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

Reports on Progress in Physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)
|November 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores topological excitations like defects and skyrmions in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates. It uses homotopy theory to classify these quantum phenomena and reviews recent experimental findings.

More Related Videos

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
11:21

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

8.0K
Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures
08:01

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Published on: November 21, 2019

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

10.7K
Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
11:21

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

8.0K
Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures
08:01

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Published on: November 21, 2019

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Gases

Background:

  • Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) are quantum states of matter.
  • Spinor BECs exhibit complex magnetic properties.
  • Topological excitations are stable, localized structures in quantum systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To overview topological excitations in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates.
  • To classify different types of topological excitations.
  • To review recent experimental advancements in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Review of theoretical concepts in topological excitations.
  • Application of homotopy theory for classification.
  • Summarization of experimental observations.

Main Results:

  • Detailed discussion of line defects, point defects, and skyrmions.
  • Classification framework for topological excitations using homotopy groups.
  • Compilation of recent experimental evidence for these excitations.

Conclusions:

  • Topological excitations are fundamental to understanding spinor BECs.
  • Homotopy theory provides a robust tool for their classification.
  • Experimental progress continues to validate theoretical predictions.