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Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Author Spotlight: Improved Lipofuscin Models and Quantification of Outer Segment Phagocytosis Capacity in Highly Polarized Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cultures
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Latrophilins updated.

Diana G Meza-Aguilar, Antony A Boucard

    Biomolecular Concepts
    |November 28, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Latrophilins (LPHN), a type of adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (aGPCR), are evolutionarily conserved and implicated in human disorders. Recent studies reveal new functions and potential therapeutic targets for these receptors.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Molecular Biology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Latrophilins (LPHN1-3) are adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) and conserved models for aGPCR research.
    • Historically known as neurotoxin targets, LPHN are now recognized for broader cellular roles.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review historical research and recent advances in understanding Latrophilins (LPHN).
    • To highlight new discoveries regarding LPHN functions and their implications for human health.

    Main Methods:

    • Crystallography to elucidate LPHN ectodomain organization.
    • Proteomic approaches to identify LPHN cellular functions.
    • Genetic and genomic linkage studies in human patients.

    Main Results:

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    • Discovery of a new functional domain in LPHN ectodomain, impacting aGPCR research.
    • Unveiling of previously unknown cellular roles for LPHN through proteomics.
    • Identification of LPHN gene defects linked to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and cancer.

    Conclusions:

    • Latrophilins represent a crucial area for understanding aGPCR biology.
    • Further research into LPHN functions is vital for developing treatments for human disorders.
    • LPHN are promising targets for pharmacological interventions in various diseases.