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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

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Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Combined Genetic and Chemical Capsid Modifications of Adenovirus-Based Gene Transfer Vectors for Shielding and Targeting

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Peptide-based vectors: recent developments.

Carmine Pasquale Cerrato, Tõnis Lehto, Ülo Langel

Biomolecular Concepts

|November 28, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cell-penetrating peptides offer effective, low-cytotoxicity delivery of nucleic acids and therapeutic molecules. This review explores the latest strategies and applications in peptide-mediated gene therapy and drug delivery.

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Direct Protein Delivery to Mammalian Cells Using Cell-permeable Cys2-His2 Zinc-finger Domains

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Published on: March 25, 2015

Area of Science:

Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering
Molecular Biology and Genetics
Drug Delivery and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background:

Peptides and peptide-cargo complexes are established tools for drug delivery and gene therapy.
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are widely utilized due to their efficient cellular uptake and low cytotoxicity.
CPPs effectively deliver diverse cargoes, including nucleic acids, drugs, and antibodies, across cell membranes.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in peptide-mediated nucleic acid delivery strategies.
To focus on peptide-based vectors for therapeutic molecules and nucleic acid delivery applications.
To discuss current applications and ongoing clinical trials involving peptide-based delivery systems.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on peptide-mediated delivery systems.
Analysis of in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating CPP effectiveness.
Compilation of data on recent strategies, applications, and clinical trial outcomes.

Main Results:

Cell-penetrating peptides demonstrate broad applicability and effectiveness in delivering various therapeutic cargoes.
Numerous strategies have been developed for enhancing peptide-mediated nucleic acid delivery.
Successful in vitro and in vivo applications highlight the potential of CPPs in gene therapy and drug delivery.

Conclusions:

Peptide-based vectors, particularly CPPs, represent a promising platform for advanced gene therapy and drug delivery.
Continued research into novel strategies and clinical applications is crucial for realizing the full therapeutic potential of CPPs.
Peptide-mediated delivery systems show significant promise for future therapeutic interventions, with ongoing clinical trials underscoring their viability.