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Phased array antennas (PAA) were used in reflectometry for precise microwave measurements. A novel method was developed to eliminate standing wave effects in tokamak plasma diagnostics.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma physics
  • Microwave engineering
  • Antenna theory

Background:

  • Phased Array Antennas (PAA) offer high directivity for microwave applications.
  • Reflectometry is a key diagnostic technique in plasma physics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of PAAs in reflectometry for plasma diagnostics.
  • To address and mitigate the standing wave effect in tokamak environments.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized PAAs as launching and receiving antennae in reflectometry.
  • Conducted proof-of-principle experiments with a metal reflector plate.
  • Applied beam-forming techniques for receiving PAA measurements.
  • Developed a new method using field derivatives to eliminate standing waves.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a well-focused beam and accurate differential-phase evolution measurements.
  • Observed significant standing wave effects in the QUEST tokamak.
  • Successfully demonstrated a method to eliminate standing wave effects.

Conclusions:

  • PAAs are suitable for high-directivity reflectometry in microwave ranges.
  • The proposed derivative-based method effectively removes standing wave perturbations in tokamak diagnostics.