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Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
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Design of a real-time two-color interferometer for MAST Upgrade.

T O'Gorman1, G Naylor1, R Scannell1

  • 1CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|November 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary

A novel two-color laser interferometer measures electron density on the MAST Upgrade tokamak. This system ensures continuous operation and accurate measurements for fusion research.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Fusion Energy Research
  • Optical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of plasma properties is crucial for magnetic confinement fusion.
  • The MAST Upgrade tokamak requires advanced diagnostics for operational control and research.
  • Existing methods may have limitations in resolution or continuous operation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and test a robust two-color heterodyne laser interferometer.
  • To measure line-integrated electron density on the MAST Upgrade tokamak.
  • To ensure diagnostic system reliability without interrupting tokamak operations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a single chord, two-color CO2/HeNe (10.6/0.633 μm) heterodyne laser interferometer.
  • Located the diagnostic system outside the main machine area for maintainability.
  • Implemented a novel phase detection scheme for enhanced accuracy.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a typical error of 1 × 10(18) m⁻³ for electron density measurements.
  • Operated with a temporal resolution of 4 MHz.
  • Demonstrated system reliability for uninterrupted tokamak operation.

Conclusions:

  • The designed laser interferometer is suitable for accurate electron density measurements on MAST Upgrade.
  • The external placement and novel detection scheme enhance diagnostic system robustness.
  • This diagnostic advancement supports ongoing fusion energy research.