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Anomalous droughts, not invasion, decrease persistence of native fishes in a desert river.

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Extreme river flow variations, not species interactions, dictate fish populations in desert rivers. Native species persistence is linked to discharge anomalies, even with invasive species present.

Keywords:
MARSSecohydrologyenvironmental variationglobal changestream fishtime-series analyses

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Climate Change Biology

Background:

  • Climate extremes and invasive species threaten native wildlife.
  • Understanding global change impacts on native fauna requires quantitative tools linking extreme events to species abundance.
  • Desert rivers face unique challenges due to high environmental variability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how discharge anomalies (floods and droughts) affect native and non-native fish species abundance in a variable desert river.
  • To determine the relative importance of abiotic (discharge) versus biotic (species interactions) drivers on fish community dynamics.
  • To assess the impact of discharge anomalies on fish diversity and community structure.

Main Methods:

  • Quantified river discharge variability using Fourier analyses on over 15,000 daily observations.
  • Coupled maximum annual spectral anomalies with a 15-year fish abundance time series (1994-2008).
  • Utilized Multivariate Autoregressive State-Space (MARSS) models to analyze species covariation and driver importance.

Main Results:

  • Abiotic factors, specifically discharge anomalies, were the primary drivers of long-term fish abundances, outweighing biotic interactions.
  • Droughts negatively impacted native species abundance, while floods had a positive effect.
  • Non-native fish assemblages showed limited response to extreme discharge events, unlike native species.
  • Discharge anomalies influenced meta-community diversity, increasing nestedness after droughts due to native species impairment.
  • Native fishes exhibited higher functional uniqueness compared to non-native species.

Conclusions:

  • River discharge variation is a critical determinant of long-term community trajectories, promoting native fauna persistence against invasions.
  • Environmental variability, rather than species interactions, may commonly explain covariation between native and non-native species, especially in dynamic ecosystems.
  • Projected climate change impacts (more severe droughts, muted floods) could lead to impoverished and non-native dominated fish assemblages in desert rivers.