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Rice transgene flow: its patterns, model and risk management.

Shirong Jia1, Qianhua Yuan, Xinwu Pei

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|November 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transgene flow in rice is influenced by wind and recipient type, with male sterile lines showing higher frequencies. Maximum threshold distances for rice cultivars are short, and wild rice may have self-protection mechanisms against transgenes.

Keywords:
common wild rice (O. rufipogon)gene flow modelrice (Oryza sativa L.)risk assessment and managementtransgene flowweedy rice

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Genetics
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Understanding transgene flow is crucial for the safe commercialization and regulation of genetically modified (GM) crops, particularly rice.
  • Previous studies have provided limited data on the long-term patterns and influencing factors of transgene dispersal in rice ecosystems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate rice transgene flow patterns over 12 years across multiple locations and years.
  • To develop a predictive model for gene flow and assess the long-term fate of transgenes in wild rice populations.
  • To evaluate effective methods for reducing transgene flow and propose a management strategy.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted multi-location, multi-year experiments using up to 21 pollen recipients to study transgene flow patterns.
  • Developed a regional gene flow model to predict maximum threshold distances (MTDs) in southern China.
  • Investigated the long-term persistence of transgenes in wild rice (O. rufipogon) hybrids and evaluated physical and temporal isolation methods.

Main Results:

  • Transgene flow frequency was significantly higher (10^1 to 10^3 times) to male sterile lines compared to O. rufipogon and rice cultivars.
  • Wind speed and direction were identified as key meteorological factors affecting transgene flow.
  • The regional model predicted MTD0.1% for rice cultivars to be ≤5 meters across southern China, regardless of climate variations.
  • Transgenic rice/O. rufipogon F1 hybrids and associated genes (Bt or bar) disappeared within 3-5 years, suggesting a self-protection mechanism in O. rufipogon.
  • Flowering time isolation and 2-m cloth screens effectively reduced transgene flow.

Conclusions:

  • Rice transgene flow is highly dependent on the recipient type and environmental factors like wind.
  • A classification and threshold management principle is proposed for different rice types to mitigate gene flow risks.
  • Wild rice populations may possess inherent mechanisms to limit the establishment of integrated transgenes.