[Effects of omega-3-fatty acids on the prostaglandin system in healthy probands]

Epidemiological comparisons of Greenland Eskimos and mainland Danes suggested that a diet rich in marine lipids mainly containing polyunsaturated fatty acids may be associated with a reduction in the incidence of occlusive vascular disease. Fish oils contain the Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoate (timnodonic acid, EPA, 20:5n-3), which is incorporated into the platelet membrane after dietary intake instead of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), the main substrate for prostaglandin synthesis. After incorporation of the fatty acids into the platelet membrane the overall effect of prostanoids with three double bonds derived from EPA proves to be less atherogenic. Since only TxA2 is a potent vasoconstrictor and platelet agonist whilst TxA3 is virtually biologically inert.