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Wheat ABA-insensitive mutants result in reduced grain dormancy.

Elizabeth C Schramm1, Sven K Nelson1, Camille M Steber1

  • 1Department of Crop and Soil Sciences and the Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, USA.

Euphytica: Netherlands Journal of Plant Breeding
|November 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed wheat mutants with reduced sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA), a hormone that inhibits germination. These ABA-insensitive mutants exhibit decreased seed dormancy, impacting seedling emergence and sprouting resistance.

Keywords:
Abscisic acidDormancyPre-harvest sproutingWheat

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Genetics
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key plant hormone regulating seed dormancy and inhibiting germination.
  • Wheat seed dormancy decreases with after-ripening, influencing germination timing.
  • The Scarlet wheat variety exhibits varying ABA sensitivity based on after-ripening duration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize wheat mutants with reduced abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity during seed germination.
  • To investigate the relationship between ABA insensitivity and grain dormancy in wheat.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of wheat mutants (ScABI) exhibiting germination on ABA after short after-ripening periods.
  • Phenotypic analysis of mutant germination response to ABA concentrations.
  • Assessment of after-ripening rates in isolated mutants.

Main Results:

  • Six independent seed-specific ABA-insensitive (ScABI) wheat mutants were successfully isolated.
  • Mutants ScABI1-ScABI4 showed enhanced germination efficiency compared to wild-type Scarlet, even at high ABA concentrations.
  • ScABI3 and ScABI4 displayed partial dominance, suggesting gain-of-function mutations.
  • All isolated ScABI mutants exhibited accelerated after-ripening compared to Scarlet.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity is directly associated with decreased grain dormancy in Scarlet wheat.
  • ABA sensitivity is a critical genetic factor controlling wheat grain dormancy.
  • This research provides insights into traits affecting seedling emergence and pre-harvest sprouting resistance in wheat.