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Updated: Apr 20, 2026

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
Published on: December 4, 2017
New exact solution of the relativistic Boltzmann equation and its hydrodynamic limit
Gabriel S Denicol1, Ulrich Heinz2, Mauricio Martinez2
1Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3 A 2T8, Canada.
Abstract:
We present an exact solution of the relativistic Boltzmann equation for a system undergoing boost-invariant longitudinal and azimuthally symmetric transverse flow ("Gubser flow"). The resulting exact nonequilibrium dynamics is compared to first and second order relativistic hydrodynamic approximations for various shear viscosity to entropy density ratios. This novel solution can be used to test the validity and accuracy of different hydrodynamic approximations in conditions similar to those generated in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
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